tema:: Comunicação, Conservação-Restauração

Communicating conservation science

Katy Lithgow (2015)

Anotações

(22/02/2023 16:45:55)

“What are the key messages conservation science should communicate to the public?” (Lithgow, 2015, p. 3)

“Demonstrating public benefit is crucial to persuade decision-makers to invest not only in the conservation of cultural heritage but also in the science that informs its care. Conservation science can research the significance of cultural heritage and how to enable access to it, but it now also needs to engage the public actively in its activities.” (Lithgow, 2015, p. 3)

“Conservation science needs to engage with the public not only as a subject for research but also as a means of doing the research, so the end also becomes the means.” (Lithgow, 2015, p. 3)

“Keywords: Conservation science, Public benefit, Public value, Public engagement, People-centred approach” (Lithgow, 2015, p. 3)

“Is conservation about people or about heritage?” (Lithgow, 2015, p. 3)

“he ICCROM Forum 2013 on Conservation Science agreed that conservation science does not exist for its own benefit but for the benefit it brings to cultural heritage.” (Lithgow, 2015, p. 3)

“y the end of the twentieth century, people and the intangible qualities of heritage that they value have been placed increasingly at the heart of the conservation process, as exemplified by the Burra Charter (Australia ICOMOS, 2013). The beneficiaries of conservation are now felt to be people as much as, if not more than, the heritage asset itself. Conservation science needs to address this change of emphasis.” (Lithgow, 2015, p. 4)

“Cultural heritage conservation arguably lags behind other heritage sectors in demonstrating its value and relevance to society.” (Lithgow, 2015, p. 4)

“The benefits of cultural heritage tend to be measured as economic benefits principally in terms of tourism and development (Mason, 1999; De la Torre, 2002; Cassar, 2006)” (Lithgow, 2015, p. 4)

“What are the key messages that conservation science should communicate to the public” (Lithgow, 2015, p. 4)

“Scientific analysis and research help to reveal the meaning and significance of cultural heritage, in tandem with other disciplines such as history. In addition to providing understanding of deterioration processes and developing preservation treatments, conservation science can assist in understanding how heritage has changed over time, by revealing its history (technical art history), authenticating heritage assets, and informing conservation and presentation decisions such as cleaning techniques and levels. Conservation science can make connections between cultural heritage artefacts and history, such as identifying trade routes that shaped human society. The application of the social sciences and techniques such as demographics to the conservation science field of activity shows how people benefit from cultural heritage, what they themselves value about their heritage and how they wish to use it. New technologies can be investigated and developed by conservation science to communicate the significance and values of heritage to the public; for example, through digitization, scanning and computer modelling, giving alternative views, and virtual access where the original is too fragile or physically distant to be directly enjoyed.” (Lithgow, 2015, p. 4)

“Communicating current threats to cultural heritage and their management through conservation science” (Lithgow, 2015, p. 4)

“Climate change and extreme weather are today considered amongst the principal threats to cultural heritage.” (Lithgow, 2015, p. 4)

“evertheless, cultural heritage is still threatened by the forces of social change, war, and redevelopment to which the Venice Charter responded.” (Lithgow, 2015, p. 4)

“these buildings may be the heritage of the future. Cultural heritage is also threatened by an increasingly competitive market place for public support which means its presentation must be refreshed constantly to remain relevant.” (Lithgow, 2015, p. 5)

“In these threats lie opportunities for conservation science to contribute to an increasing appetite for content, real experience and a desire for value that is not just financial. Conservation science must continue to deal with the physical issues of decay and their control, but must also develop ways of establishing and delivering the social benefit of cultural heritage, and how best to communicate these issues and benefits to the public.” (Lithgow, 2015, p. 5)

“Communicating how conservation science enables the physical accessibility of cultural heritage to the public” (Lithgow, 2015, p. 5)

“Conservation science enables access.” (Lithgow, 2015, p. 5)

“The hard sciences such as physics and chemistry study the tolerances of heritage material to agents of deterioration such as light exposure which people need in order to see, and the impact of relative humidity (RH) levels and fluctuations from comfort heating and cooling. This informs environmental control strategies which ensure heritage remains accessible to the public for as long as possible.” (Lithgow, 2015, p. 5)

“The ever increasing demand for access means all research needs regular review, to enable managers and practitioners to move away from generic rules to site-specific measures: local assessments of risk enable public access to be maximized within acceptable rates of deterioration rather than reduced to a minimum.” (Lithgow, 2015, p. 5)

“How conservation science can help understand how people value cultural heritage and its conservation and what they want from it” (Lithgow, 2015, p. 5)

“Conservation science helps understand people’s needs. The social sciences have been used extensively in marketing to understand what customers want, applying statistical analyses to quantitative and qualitative data collected through surveys, observation, and social experiments (Lithgow et al., 2012a). As well as being applied to the marketing of museums and historic houses, these methods are now used to evaluate the public benefit of conservation activities and influence the design of the work (Lithgow et al., 2012b).” (Lithgow, 2015, p. 5)

“The development of the participatory model of museums, of using happiness as a measure, and of museums as social enterprises with a community focus, all evidence the trend for cultural heritage to demonstrate its benefit for people at all levels, not just the intellectual.6” (Lithgow, 2015, p. 5)

“Conservation science can research these benefits and help design ways to enhance the delivery of these benefits through cultural heritage conservation.” (Lithgow, 2015, p. 5)

“How conservation science can help understand and develop effective means of communication” (Lithgow, 2015, p. 5)

“Conservation science can investigate and develop the ways in which cultural heritage and its conservation can be communicated most effectively to the public.” (Lithgow, 2015, p. 5)

“These skills make conservation science interesting and entertaining, but through skilled messaging avoid over-simplifying science in the interests of popularization.” (Lithgow, 2015, p. 5)

“It is no coincidence therefore, that the UK’s National Heritage Science Strategy puts public benefit as the first of its two aims: ‘to demonstrate the public benefit of heritage science and to increase public engagement and support for it’ (NHSS Steering Group, 2010).” (Lithgow, 2015, p. 5)

“Vision Where should conservation science aspire to be in 5 years’ time? It should be connecting with people emotionally as well as intellectually, inspiring them through cultural heritage and its conservation, so that their quality of life is improved now and for the future.” (Lithgow, 2015, p. 6)

“The ICCROM Forum defined the public benefits of conservation science as helping tell the story of humanity through cultural heritage at the global and the local level.” (Lithgow, 2015, p. 6)

“Conservation science forms a crucial meeting place for people and cultural heritage through the examination, understanding and care of heritage assets by scientists, conservators, owners and the multitude of stakeholders.” (Lithgow, 2015, p. 6)

“Conservation science helps heritage to change as people and society change, by enabling what is important about the past to be handed on to future generations.” (Lithgow, 2015, p. 6)

“Understanding these processes of change through conservation science reveals their historic scale and puts today’s challenges in context as well as reviving solutions from the past that are relevant to the future.” (Lithgow, 2015, p. 6)

“Therefore conservation science is a positive and constructive force which improves people’s quality of life. It can help the healing of damaged communities through helping their spirit of place to be understood and recovered, and through telling the stories of their heritage.” (Lithgow, 2015, p. 6)

“Themes that emerged during the ICCROM Forum to guide conservation science’s communications with the public included:” (Lithgow, 2015, p. 6)

“Building the future: conservation science connects people in time and place through conserving heritage. Conserving cultural heritage is the starting point for a sustainable future, forming our children’s legacy.” (Lithgow, 2015, p. 6)

“Making connections: conservation science connects the future with the past by enabling the survival of cultural heritage. It connects people by identifying and understanding the diversity of publics engaged with heritage through in-depth and multi-disciplinary studies that include both hard and social sciences such as sociology and psychology. Conservation science enables links to be made between people and heritage, revealing their past and designing their futures at both the macro and the micro level, whether dealing with the impacts of global climate change or of dust.” (Lithgow, 2015, p. 6)

“Benefitting people: conservation science benefits people by preserving their cultural heritage enabling the various interests of the diverse publics that create and use heritage to be taken into account and securing this heritage for children’s future. Thus conservation science enables people’s fundamental human right of access to their cultural heritage.9” (Lithgow, 2015, p. 6)

“It’s personal: cultural heritage is created and owned by people and looked after by people through conservation science. Conservation science asks people what they value about their heritage, reveals their heritage, and helps people discover things for themselves.” (Lithgow, 2015, p. 6)

“Promotes caring: conservation science enables cultures to care for culture through the restoration and conservation of cultural heritage, sustaining it for the future.” (Lithgow, 2015, p. 6)

“Is a human resource: conservation science preserves cultural heritage so that it is available as a treasure house of possibilities to enrich and sustain our future” (Lithgow, 2015, p. 6)

“the message about conservation science enabling ‘cultures to care for culture’ was substantially more popular than ones about giving access to cultural heritage, restoration and conservation, and connecting the past with the future.” (Lithgow, 2015, p. 6)

“If we, the conservation community, are not enthused and passionate about conservation science, how can we expect this response from anyone else.” (Lithgow, 2015, p. 6)

“Steps to the future: how to communicate conservation science messages to the public” (Lithgow, 2015, p. 6)

“Developing capability within the conservation science community. We have some star performers and communicators within the scientific community but we need more in conservation science. Capability can be developed by engaging with interpretation and communication professionals, and participating in the communication programmes of the wider science community, but should also be built into training. Those involved in the work should become able to communicate effectively not only what conservation science discovers and the story of how it does this, but also to engage people in doing conservation science, and use that experience to enable understanding of conservation science beyond the exchange of information.” (Lithgow, 2015, p. 6)

“Devising measures. On the well-established principle that ‘what gets measured gets done’, to drive this shift in focus forward, conservation science and the” (Lithgow, 2015, p. 6)

“projects in which it is involved should include public impact in their success measures.” (Lithgow, 2015, p. 7)

“Understanding the needs of diverse publics. Effective communication and interpretation of conservation science requires a clear understanding of audiences and their needs, to enable messages and their media to be designed appropriately. Research needs to establish what people currently value about cultural heritage, what they could value in the future, and how the gap might be filled.” (Lithgow, 2015, p. 7)

“Define what needs to be communicated. Do people value things because of facts or because of feelings? Today there seems to be agreement that feelings drive value but they need to be built on sound evidence. There is guidance already available on interpreting heritage which is being, and can be more, developed to aid communication of conservation science.” (Lithgow, 2015, p. 7)

“These include six interpretation principles by Freeman Tilden, commonly regarded as the founder of the interpretation of all heritage, natural or cultural (Tilden, 1957),11 and sector guidance (UNESCO, 2007) as well as principles specific to particular organizations.” (Lithgow, 2015, p. 7)

“These principles address the need for layered information, presented in different ways to meet the needs of the audience; using evidence to drive content, whether scholarly, scientific or living tradition; taking account of the perspectives of all stakeholders; ensuring every detail of the activity creates a coherent whole; provoking and stretching people to create an emotional and not just an intellectual connection, so that they are inspired to care for and revisit the heritage; and regularly evaluating the activity through clear and measurable objectives to ensure that the content is refreshed and thus remains relevant and inspiring.” (Lithgow, 2015, p. 7) "Levando em conta as perspectivas de todos os participantes"

“Our comfort zone should be stretched beyond traditional formal print media that convey information, such as display panels, published papers and lectures. Every contemporary means at our disposal should be used, such as informal social media and new communication platforms including the web, smartphones, and tablets, as well as TV and radio. Imagination, inventiveness, and many contributors (artists, mediators, pedagogues, etc.) will be needed to adapt communication to diverse publics. Putting this together will need a communications strategy.” (Lithgow, 2015, p. 7) Desenvolvendo metodos de comunicar ciencia da conservação

“Conservation science should be done with the public, not at or to them. The medium might be the message, especially where the research is relevant to the stakeholders themselves.” (Lithgow, 2015, p. 7)

“Conservation science should also learn from how other scientists have engaged people directly with their work, harnessing the public’s computer power to process astronomical observations and observe wild life, collecting and analyzing data as citizen scientists.12 Conservation science is beginning to doing this, as seen in how scientists, archaeologists and conservators have had to learn how to accommodate metal detectorists (English Heritage, 2014). However, such activities will need to increase, for example working with volunteers.” (Lithgow, 2015, p. 7)

“By becoming the show, conservation science can make more emotional connections with people.” (Lithgow, 2015, p. 7)

“Conservation science is an element of ‘conservation in action’, celebrated since 1994 by the IIC Keck Award. Recent recipients of this award include the Lunder Conservation Centre, Washington, USA, where the conservation of cultural heritage forms the visitor attraction13;” (Lithgow, 2015, p. 7)

“Acropolis Museum in Athens, Greece, for the laser cleaning of the Caryatids in front of the public14” (Lithgow, 2015, p. 7)

“and CSI Sittingbourne for the conservation of Anglo-Saxon burial finds in a high street store by volunteers trained and supervised by a conservator.” (Lithgow, 2015, p. 7)

“Increasingly conservation galleries are included in museums such as the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, UK, which illustrate scientific methods used to understand and conserve cultural heritage.” (Lithgow, 2015, p. 7)

“Can conservation science provoke experiences which change people’s perceptions and understanding by using all of their senses as well as their intellects, in the same way that experiential methods of learning are being explored” (Lithgow, 2015, p. 8)

“Conservation science needs to put people at its heart to enable ‘cultures to care for culture’. It has to appeal to people’s hearts as well as their minds so that people are inspired to care for heritage.” (Lithgow, 2015, p. 8)

“By enabling people to enjoy heritage, conservation science helps people to care for it, so that they can continue to use it.” (Lithgow, 2015, p. 8)

“Through revealing the meanings and value of cultural heritage, conservation science allows us to understand each other and ourselves.” (Lithgow, 2015, p. 8)

“By taking care of heritage in the face of threats from conflict, the undesirable impacts of development, or climate change, conservation science helps us to take care of ourselves, promoting respect and trust of others, whilst demonstrating the value of the long term view that enables people to rebuild and heal their society.” (Lithgow, 2015, p. 8)

“Conservation science can learn from the experience of other scientists and other disciplines to acquire the skills and techniques it needs to move the public from being audiences to participants in its work, so they become co-creators and narrators of the messages communicated by conservation science.” (Lithgow, 2015, p. 8)